One-Child Policy was Chinas Answer to Overpopulation Essay

Population In October 12, 1999, the worlds population has reached to 6 billion people. about only 12 years later (October 31, 2011) the world has gone up to 7 billion. Many people on the planet are worried about the world population going too high. They fear that too many people would result in starvation and quick depletion of resources. Some people believe that we should have some type of law that would limit the number of children we can have in each family. Something similar has come true in China about 30 years ago. In September 25, 1980, Chinas One-Child Policy has been created. This policy keeps parents from having more than one baby with the exception of twins, triplets, quadruplets, and so on. Parents may also have†¦show more content†¦Most people seem to be in favor of this policy, but there are still many others who would speak against this. The One-Child Policy does have some downsides to them. One huge problem with this policy is that if a woman is pregnant with a second child, she must face abortion, even though it may be against the law to submit to abortion under certain circumstances. There is a story of a woman in China who was 7 months pregnant with a second child, and even though it was against the law to have abortion when 6 months pregnant or longer, she was forced to face abortion. Another problem was the amount of support that the one child can give to his or her parents and grandparents when he or she becomes an adult. The adult child would not have any Omar Rivera brothers or sisters to help him/her support the family. Following the One-Child Policy would lead to some consequences that may affect some more than others. The One-Child Policy has its pros and cons. It has benefited China as it reduced social problems, economic problems, environmental problems, and poverty. Of course, it has its downsides as well. This policy involves forced abortions and an increase in problems with family support. One must decide if the One-Child Policy is either necessary or a terrible idea. In my opinion, I honestly believe that theShow MoreRelatedEssay about girls vs boys in china739 Words   |  3 Pageshad solved one of their population problems, but had unknowingly created another problem from it. Back in 1976, China faced an overpopulation problem. The growth of Chinas population brought a lot of problems to the country and to its people. Some of the problems were from overcrowding and not enough resources like food and jobs to go around for everyone. This was why the government of China enacted the One-Child Policy act in order to prevent over population. The One-Child Policy was a law thatRead MoreW e Can Stop Overpopulation Essay1222 Words   |  5 PagesOverpopulation is when the demand of humans is too high for the supply of the earth. Many people do not consider this a threat or have even considered it. Many scientists believe that the world can hold up to 10 billion people which will be in the next 100 years. (Wolchover, 4) Will you or even your children be alive? To many of you the answer is yes. If the world’s fertility rate is above 2.1 children per woman then it is something we need to be conscious about. We can look at the history, presentRead More Pollution and Environment Essay - Overpopulation and Personal Responsibility982 Words   |  4 PagesOverpopulation and Personal Responsibility Ever since I was a little girl, I’ve dreamed of having a large family when I was older. I envied friends with three or four siblings. I’d proudly tell anyone I was going to have six children when I grew up. Now, I’m a little older, and still far away from making that decision, my conscious will still face a looming dilemma. With my knowledge negative impacts caused by overpopulation, how can I deliberately have a large family, while upholding my environmentalistRead MoreExaminig the Effect of Human Population Control Essay examples1730 Words   |  7 Pagesother hand, nearly 600 years ago, the population was around 300 million (according to the CIA). Ever since improvements in agricultural productivity and medical advances, population growth has risen drastically over the years. However, when studies proved that it could possibly lead to detrimental scenarios like environmental degradation and poverty, some countries began to establish population control policie s. Population control is defined as ‘a policy of attempting to limit the growth in numbers ofRead More China - The Epicenter of Overpopulation Essay example1248 Words   |  5 PagesChina - The Epicenter of Overpopulation In 1999 the world population reached six billion. Roughly 200,000 lives have been added each day since then, about one small city a week. This population boom however, is not evenly distributed throughout the globe. In fact, many countries in Europe have experienced negative population growth in the last ten years. It is the developing nations of our world that are most responsible for the exponential increase the world has begun to experience. The busy-bodiedRead MoreThe Problem Of A Growing World Population1939 Words   |  8 Pagesgraphs - the left one showing the HDI (Human Development Index - a comparative measure of life expectancy, literacy, education, standards of living and quality for life devised by the UN) of countries around the world and the right one showing the birth rates of countries around the world. The countries with the highest HDIs are shaded in green and the ones with the lowest are shaded in red, while the darker the color of a country, the higher its birth rate. From these two graphs one can see a definiteRead MoreThe View on Overpopulation: Looking Deeper into the Hardinian Taboo2017 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction One would have thought that it was even more necessary to limit population than property...The neglect of this subject, which in existing states is so common, is a never-failing cause of poverty among the citizens; and poverty is the parent of both revolution and crime. This quote did not come from any professional doomsayer or modern writer, or even an ecologist or a historian. Aristotle said this, though he lived in a time where the population was four percent of what it is todayRead MoreWhy Overpopulation Is A Major Issue1653 Words   |  7 PagesEveryone knows that overpopulation is a major issue; an issue is only going to increase over the next few decades. Every person should have a general understanding of this problem because it is going to affect everyone on the planet if it has not done so already. Many countries on our planet now are already overpopulated. In many third world countries, parents do not have enough money to feed themselves, let alone food for their own chil dren. It is estimated that over one billion people wake upRead MoreWomen Should Not Wear Dress1221 Words   |  5 Pagesmanagers to provide guidance and answers, unlike in the U.S., where successful managers do not need to be subject matter experts on their team. Behavior in the work place is greatly influenced by the culture and values of a country. Taking the time to understand what another culture values, believes, and behaves is crucial in being successful as a global company. India’s current issues and challenges Although India is an emerging economic powerhouse and one of the fastest growing nations inRead MoreGenetic Engineering And The Human Race1974 Words   |  8 PagesGenetic Engineering are Dreadful If the world had the possibility to be a healthier one, one can rest assure that it would make that possibility a reality. However, the world already has been having that possibility through genetic engineering, but at the same time, it has remained a possibility and not a reality. With this in mind, one must wonder why; why has it remained a possibility? In order to successfully answer this, it is important to understand what genetic engineering is, and how it could

Why You Shouldnt Drink and Drive - 1951 Words

Attenion-Catching Remarks: Every person is accountable for his or her own right to drink. Failure to treat this or any right responsibly has consequences. The persons right can and should be taken away when the failure to act responsibly endangers other. Thesis: Today I would like to talk to you about the problems of drinking and driving, and why it is a concern for all of us. Main Point I: Id like to start off by talking about the penalties of drinking and driving. Did you know that drunk driving is the nations most frequently committed violent crime? A chronic drunk driver is a person who has driven over 1,000 times before being caught. They do not respond to social pressures, law enforcement, and the messages that have been†¦show more content†¦Main Point II: Next I would like to talk about accidents and the potential dangers there are with drunk drivers on the road. I would like to start out by telling you a story that is written by Kathleen Buenemann, Donettes mother. O n the night of August 8th, 1996, after finishing her shift at work, Donette was on her way home. A 29-year-old female left the beer garden at the county fair, around 11 PM. This girl had been there most of the night drinking. She managed to avoid the police and found her way through town in her Mercedes. Just outside of the city limits of town, she crossed the centerline and sideswiped a Jeep, the full length, and proceeded on across the line and hit my daughters 95 Neon, nearly head-on. My daughters car was spun around and flipped on the drivers side and slid down and embankment, and came to a rest. A 3rd car drove through the point of impact and was untouched. The 4th car was hit by the debris from my daughters car, but no injuries there. My daughter had tried to move to the shoulder, but the other car continued on to hit her. Donette had her seat belt on and the air bags did deploy, but because of where the impact was the steering wheel went between the front seats so fast that t he bag was of no use. Donettes head struck the A post and then the pavement when the car turned on its side. They said she died instantly ofShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Alcohol And Drugs On Society Essay1510 Words   |  7 Pagessituation. Stage 1 would be the Developmental Zone. In this stage symptoms are very low at this point. Drinking symptoms are occasional. This zone includes social drinking, drinking faster and more than others, suffering memory blackouts and having a drink at least once a week. Stage 2 is the Zone of Overt Alcoholism. In stage two symptoms are occurring more than the first stage. Meaning they are more noticeable. Loss of control over their drinking. People in this stage also have an aggression or protectiveRead MoreShould the Drinking Age Be Lowered to 18? Essay1236 Words   |  5 Pagesfollowing propaganda made me understand the dangers to the youth and people in America if the drinking age were to lower. Therefore i will argue with whoever disagrees wi th me that the drinking age should be lowered. Id like to explain six reasons to why the drinking age should not be lowered beginning with the strongest reasons. First reason being is that alcohol effects the brain badly in many ways such as effecting a persons memory. This is not good since adolecent brains dont stop growing untilRead MoreName: Rafaela Romero Specific Purpose: Don’t Text and Drive, Save lives. Introduction700 Words   |  3 PagesRafaela Romero Specific Purpose: Don’t Text and Drive, Save lives. Introduction Paragraph: Good Evening my name is Rafaela, I’m here to persuade you why you shouldn’t text and drive. (Video)There’s times we wish we could rewind time, but sadly we can’t. We all make the mistake of texting and driving without thinking on the consequences this could bring. Texting and Driving is a big epidemic that hurts our nation day by day, I’m here to persuade you to don’t do it. I. Automobile crashes as a resultRead MoreEssay on How Much is Too Much?1121 Words   |  5 PagesDrinking and driving is against the law. Whether you have had one beer or two, whether you feel it or not it is still illegal in all fifty states to drink and get behind the wheel. In the state of California the legal blood alcohol concentration or BAC is 0.08 percent. The legal drinking age for the state of California is twenty-one and over. Many people do not take drinking and driving serious until it is way too late. Drinking and driving can and will cost you your freedom, finances and future; as wellRead MoreEssay on Drinking and Driving1393 Words   |  6 Pagesremembered what you said. You told me not to drink, Mom, so I drank soda instead I really felt proud inside, Mom, the way you said I would. I didnt drink and drive, Mom, even though the others said I should. I know I did the right thing, Mom, I know you are always right. Now the party is finally ending Mom, as everyone is driving out of sight. As I got into my car, Mom, I knew Id get home in one piece. Because of the way you raised me, so responsible and sweet. I started to drive away, MomRead MoreShould The Legal Age Of Driving Be Twenty?928 Words   |  4 Pagesbe sixteen? No, I don’t believe that a sixteen-year-old needs a license. I believe that the minimum age should be seventeen and that a teen still shouldn’t be able to drive after eight at night. There are more wrecks with injuries or even deaths that involve teens than that of non-teens. The reason that I believe that it is correct is because that you constantly are hearing that there has been a wreck and more often than not it is involving a teen driver. Sometimes it’s because the teen was reachingRead MoreShould The Legal Age Of Driving Be Twenty?914 Words   |  4 Pagesdriving be sixteen? No I don’t believe that a sixteen-year-old needs a license. I believe that the minimum age should be seventeen and that a teen still shouldn’t be able to drive after eight at night. There are more wrecks with injuries or even deaths that involve teens than that of non-teens. The reason that I believe that it is correct is because that you constantly are hearing that there has been a wreck and more often than not it is involving a teen driver. Sometimes it’s because the teen was reachingRead MoreEssay Lowering the Drinking Age to Eighteen1340 Words   |  6 Pagessociety is under age drinking. They tell us how we aren’t allowed to drink, that we aren’t old enough or mature enough to do it, but the more adults talk about it, the more teenagers want to do it. When a kid goes off to college, it’s expected that he is going to drink. Since most kids don’t know what a hangover feels like, or what it’s like to get the spins, they don’t know their limits and when they need to stop. That is when you get people doing stupid things because they don’t know any better.Read MoreChapter 3: Cells784 Words   |  4 Pagesfor each question. Answer blocks should expand as you type. If you experience difficulty ty ping in the provided answer blocks, you may type your answers in a new document. Save a copy of the completed activity to your computer for your records. Although this activity is not graded, your instructor reserves the right to require students to submit their completed work at any time throughout the semester. Short Answer Questions 1. Explain why mitosis can be thought of as cellular immortalityRead MoreThe Dangers of Underage Drinking775 Words   |  4 PagesTeens under the legal minimum age of alcohol should not drink, nor should it be lowered. Researchers say that giving alcoholic beverages under 21 could create a lethal addiction and would not have the responsibility to drink. If teens drink a certain amount of alcohol it could be lethal by alcohol poisoning. â€Å"Alcohol can enter the blood stream; binge drinkers can ingest a fatal dose of alcohol before passing out.† (â€Å"Binge Drinking Can Be Fatal†). The legal minimum age should not be lowered, teens

Lecture Notes about the Corporate Social Responsibility & Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Social Responsibility and Analysis. Answer: Introduction This assignment is about analyzing a business in global context. In order to conduct this assignment, the company Samsung has been selected. The company has strong global presence. It is considered as one of the largest electronic companies in the world. In this assignment, SWOT analysis has been conducted for the company Samsung and its impact on business operation has been analyzed. A brief history of the company Samsung has been provided. Ethics and corporate social responsibility of the company has also been analyzed in this assignment. Finally some recommendations have been provided for the company Samsung in the reflective summary section, so that the company can improve its business performance globally. Analysis of the companys history and growth Samsung electronics is a South Korean multinational electronic company. The company has numerous amounts of subsidiaries and affiliated businesses like Samsung Telecommunication and Samsung Madison. The company was founded in the year of 1969 (Kim et al. 2015). The company is considered as the major manufacturer of electronic equipment such as semiconductor chips, lithium ion batteries, hard drive, and flash memory. In term of revenue, the company Samsung electronics was considered as the largest information technology company in the world. Due to the popularity of android phones like Galaxy series, the company is considered as the largest manufacturer of mobile phones and smart phones (Samsung 2016). In the year of 2014, total revenue of the company is US$ 305 billion (Samsung 2016). Presently total employees of the company are more than 370,000 in 80 countries (Samsung 2016). Hence, it can be mentioned that the company has long term history of success. Kanonov and Wool (2016) state d that since the starting year, the company has significant impact on the economic, social, political, culture and media development of South Korea. The company holds one fifth of the total export of the country. It has been found that total revenue of the company is equal to 17% of the total GDP of the country Korea. The history of the company can be divided in four time periods. They were such as early period (1969- 1987), consumer struggles (1988- 1995), component manufacturing (1995- 2008) and consumer product manufacturing (2008- present time) (Samsung 2016). In the year of 1969, the company was established in Suwon, South Korea. At that time, the major products of the company are such as calculators, televisions, air conditioners and washing machines (Samsung 2016). In the year of 1981, the company had produced 10 million black and white televisions (Samsung 2016). In the year of 1988 the company became the third producer of 64KB DRAM. The company had launched its first mobile phone in the year of 1988. During 1990s, the initial sale of the product was poor, as Motorola held 60% market share of mobile phones in South Korea at that time (Samsung 2016). Until the middle of 1990s, the company struggled for poor quality of products. After 1995, the company owner had decided to change business st rategy and started to manufacture electronic components for other companies. This vertical integration strategy had become successful for the company. In the year of 2005, the company had surpassed its Japanese rival SONY for the first time and became the most popular consumer brand (Samsung 2016). In the year of 2007, the company had overtaken Motorola and became the second largest mobile phone manufacturer in the world (Samsung 2016). Presently the company has set to achieve the revenue of $ 400 billion within the next 10 years. Implementation of fifth generation (5G) high-speed internet in mobiles is the companys next target. In the year of 2013, the company announced that they have successfully tested 5G technology (Samsung 2016). SWOT analysis of the Company Samsung electronics The company Samsung electronics is the subsidiary of the company Samsung conglomerate of South Korea. Samsung Electronics is recognized as the largest manufacturer of Smartphone and mobile phones. Bhushan (2016) stated that Samsung is also the largest manufacturer of LCD panels and televisions. Due to its marketing and manufacturing expertise, the company is considered as the second largest consumer electronics organization in the world (Only after its American rival Apple). Strengths The company Samsung is the most successful manufacture of electronic products. It is also the largest manufacturer of liquid crystal display (LCD) panels, mobile phones, Smartphone and television sets (Samsung 2016). Hence, it can be mentioned that the company has strong brand image in the market. It can be considered as one of the strong points of the company. The company is worlds number one marketer of smart phones with 21.4% market share in the second half of 2015 (Samsung 2016). The American rival Apple holds the second spot with 13.9% market share (Choi and Park 2016). The company has invested huge amount of money to improve the companys research and design capabilities (Go 2015). It helps the company to develop Samsung Pay. It is a payment app equivalent to Apple Pay. The company has the capability to replicate majority of the capabilities of the company Apple and Googles Android operating system for mobile devices. The company has strong marketing and manufacturing capabilities. The company has strong relationship with the majority of the retailers of Europe and United States. Glowik (2016) stated that, it helps to provide steady channels to all the products of the company. Weaknesses The company is not able to cope up with the marketing capabilities of smartphones of Apple. It has been found that between 2014 and 2015, the market share of Samsung in US Smartphone market fell by 2.3% (Samsung 2016). On the contrary, market share of Apple in US is approximately 34.9%. In recent years, some Chinese competitors are catching up to the company Samsung in the Smartphone market. It has fund that between 2014 and 2015, market share of the company Huawei is increased 48% and Xiaomis market share increased by 29% (Samsung 2016). It has been found that the company Samsung is highly dependent on consumer electronics sales in the market with the limited capability of growth. Saeed et al. (2016) stated that, the company depends highly on United States and Europe to gather majority of the revenue. The company uses Google Android open source operating system. According to Chen and Ann 2016), many customer seem to consider Android as inferior product compare to Apples iOS. It is less accepted in the tech community. Most of the tech savvy customers consider that Apples products are more dependable and advance compare to the products of Samsung. Kim et al. (2015) argued that marketing efforts of Samsung is not as sophisticated as Apple. Opportunities The company has the opportunity to grab the emerging market for smartphones, mobile and tablets in the region of India and Africa (Kim et al. 2016). Due to the increased requirement of Smartphone and tablet based solution apps like Samsung Pay are highly on demand (Chen et al. 2015). The company can make more research on new technologies like wearable tech. The growing middle class in the developed world will help to increase the market of consumer electronics. Threats The company Samsung is not able to match the reputation and reliability of Apple in the market place of US. Rana (2015) stated that reputation for Apple is increasing in the emerging market of India and Africa in terms of reliability, quality and sophistication. Declining income level of middle class people of United States and North America has reduced the buying power of customers for the company Samsung (Chen et al. 2015). Chinese competitors such as Xiaomi and Huawei can emerge as serious competitors for the company Samsung. Impact of SWOT factors on the company business After conducting SWOT analysis, it has been found that the company Samsung is one of the most successful electronic products manufacturers. The company produces diverse products such as smartphones, televisions, mobile phones, liquid crystal display (LCD) panels. The company has changed its business strategy many times in order to become the industry leader (Samsung 2016). Presently the company has largest market share of phone with 21.4%. Huge amount of investment of the company for improving research and designing capability has helped the company to become successful. Chen et al. (2016) stated that, the company Samsung has taken a right decision at right time to use Googles android operating system for its Smartphone. The research and development team of the company is able to replicate most of the capabilities of company Apple and Goggle (Urandelger and Bae 2016). In addition, strong relationship with retailers of Europe and America has provided the company the opportunity to rea ch middle class customers of various countries. Samsung has maintained impressive research, manufacturing capabilities and design. However, it has been analyzed that the company on the verge of losing its edge in marketing. It has been found that most of the customers still consider Android as inferior system compare to iOS of Apple. The company Samsung is still not able to match the capability of Samsung in terms of innovation and reliability in countries like United States. For this reason, the organization has to revamp its design efforts and marketing strategy for Smartphone to enhance its market share in countries like US (Caplan et al. 2016). The company has to pay more attention on developing new market capabilities such as Samsung Pay. According to Magnusson et al. (2015), these new capabilities will critically influence the business performance of Samsung, if the organization wants to maintain its position in the mobile manufacturing market as an industry leader. In addition, the company also has to learn to handle aggressive marketing strategy of Chinese competitors such as Xiaomi and Huawai and the reputation of the biggest competitor Apple. The company also needs to focus on the emerging Smartphone and tablet market of countries like India and Africa for future business growth. Ethics and Corporate social responsibility Samsung electronics is global company having more than 320,000 employee and operations in more than 80 countries globally (Samsung 2016). The company is fully committed to comply with the local rules and regulations of different countries. Samsung has adopted strict global code of conducts for all employees. The company believes ethical management is the tool to respond with changing marketing condition and business environment. Pedersen (2015) stated that, ethical management also helps to develop trust and enhance relationship of an organization business partners, shareholders, customers and local employees. The morals and values of the organization have been developed in accordance to stakeholders theory. In accordance to the traditional view of the company, only the shareholders and owners are important (Chandler 2016). However, stakeholders theory helps the company Samsung to understand that employees, customers, communities are also important. For this reason, the company Samsun g has developed a framework of corporate social responsibility based on the stakeholders theory. In the context of Corporate Social Responsibility, the company had expressed its view as worlds leading company in the year of 2005 (Samsung 2016). This year, the company had announced its Five Samsung Business Principles (Samsung 2016). They served as the base of companys global code of conduct that helps them to comply with all the legal and ethical standards. It also helped the company to fulfill all its corporate social responsibilities. It also helps the company to develop the detailed guideline standards for the employees of the company and all the members associated with the company. It includes various clauses such as prohibition of gender discrimination, elimination of the nationality, partner collaboration and protection of customer information (Chandler 2016). All the employees of the company have to follow this code of conduct in their relationship partners and peers. The company has introduced some ethical management programs within the organization. They are such as audit system, cyber auditors, education program for anti-corruption and developing auditing committee (Magnusson et al. 2015). It is an independent committee that works under the board of directors to monitor and support the management team so that corporate values can be improved. The company has developed an individual audit team in order support and monitor ethical practices for the company and all its employees. All the experts included in this auditing team have 10 years of experience in different fields. The team uses different systems and networks to develop efficient auditing. Pedersen (2015) stated that in order to develop integrity in the corporate culture of both overseas and domestic businesses of Samsung Electronics, the company has launched Cyber Audit program. This program helps to define corruption and set guideline for all the employees. In addition, the company also conducts anti-corruption education program for employees to support ethical work practices. The company produces different educational videos in 22 different languages to help all the local employees in global plants of the organization. It includes rationale of developing the code conducts and five major principles, related documents of infringement cases. It also includes the process of cyber audit program and how to report about violations (Pedersen 2015). Despite of all these efforts, the company still has to face various ethical issues related with work safety, DRAM price fixing, Apple lawsuit and Product safety. In the semiconductor plants of Samsung, there are at least 26 employees diagnosed with blood cancer (Magnusson et al. 2015). In addition, there are also 193 employees became sick with rare terminal diseases. In the year of 2011, the company was fined approximately 145,700million, as the company is part of price cartel of 10 originations. It lasted from 1998 to 2002 (Samsung 2016). The company Apple had sued against Samsung for the infringing intellectual property rights of Apple, in the year of 2011 (Magnusson et al. 2015). The verdict was largely favored for Apple. It had been found that Samsung had willfully replicated the design and utility patents of the company Apple. The company Apple was awarded $1.050 billion for the damages. The company Samsung also has to face issues related with product safety. Despite of huge pop ularity of the mobile products, many cases of explosion had been reported. Reflective summary In this assignment, the business of the company Samsung has been analyzed in the global context. With the help of SWOT analysis the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of the company has been analyzed. The company was founded in the year of 1969. Presently the company is considered as the largest electronic manufacturing company all over the world. The company has long term history of success. The history of the company can be divided in four time periods. They were such as early period, consumer struggles, component manufacturing and consumer product manufacturing. It was not like that the company did not have to go through failure. However, the company had changed its business strategy many times in order to become successful. The company has invested huge amount of money to improve its research and development capabilities. The company is able to replicate most of the products and features of its rival Apple and Google. The company has taken a right decision at right ti me to use Goggles Android operating system for Smartphone. Due to the popularity of Galaxy series the company has become the most popular mobile manufacturing brand. The company has also maintained its business ethics and corporate social responsibility based on stakeholders theory. The company has also developed an independent committee for audit that works directly under the super vision of the direction. However, the company still has to face various issues related with work safety, DRAM price fixing, Apple lawsuit and Product safety. The company is also not able to cope up with the innovation and reliability of Apple. Most of the customers still consider android as inferior operating system compare to iOS. Hence, there are some recommendations have been provided to the company so that it can maintain its market position as industry leader. They are mentioned below: Samsung has to grab the emerging market for Smartphone, mobile and tablets in the region of India and Africa. Due to the increased requirement of Smartphone and tablet based solution apps like Samsung Pay are highly on demand. The company has to shift its business strategy and develop this types of apps as more as possible The company has to make more research on new technologies like wearable tech. Reference list Bhushan, A., 2016. A comparative analysis of consumer behavior of nokia and samsung mobile users.Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce,21(S5). Caplan, D., Dutta, S.K. and Lawson, R.A., 2016. Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives Across the Value Chain.Journal of Corporate Accounting Finance,27(4), pp.57-66. Chandler, D., 2016.Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility: Sustainable Value Creation. SAGE Publications. Chen, C.M. and Ann, B.Y., 2016. Efficiencies vs. importance-performance analysis for the leading smartphone brands of Apple, Samsung and HTC.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,27(3-4), pp.227-249. Chen, C.S., Lin, L.Y. and Shang, Y.Y., 2016. The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Globalization-An Example Involving Asian Consumers.International Journal of Business and Information,11(2), p.233. Chen, J., Huang, Q., Peng, H. and Zhong, H., 2015. China Samsung: To Foster a Favorite Brand for Chinese People and Contribute to Chinese Society. InResearch Report on Corporate Social Responsibility of China(pp. 263-282). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Chen, J., Huang, Q., Peng, H. and Zhong, H., 2015. CSR Development Index of the Communication Industry (2012). InResearch Report on Corporate Social Responsibility of China(pp. 119-128). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Choi, S. and Park, H., 2016. Investigation of Strategic Changes Using Patent Co-Inventor Network Analysis: The Case of Samsung Electronics.Sustainability,8(12), p.1315. Glowik, M., 2016.Market Entry Strategies: Internationalization Theories, Concepts and Cases of Asian High-Technology Firms: Haier, Hon Hai Precision, Lenovo, LG Electronics, Panasonic, Samsung, Sharp, Sony, TCL, Xiaomi. Walter de Gruyter GmbH Co KG. Go, S.J., 2015.Strategic analysis of Samsung's smartphone product portfolio: countering the challenge from Chinese competitors(Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Kanonov, U. and Wool, A., 2016. Secure Containers in Android: the Samsung KNOX Case Study.arXiv preprint arXiv:1605.08567. Kim, H., Hur, W.M. and Yeo, J., 2015. Corporate brand trust as a mediator in the relationship between consumer perception of CSR, corporate hypocrisy, and corporate reputation.Sustainability,7(4), pp.3683-3694. Kim, S., Kim, J.N. and Tam, L., 2016. Think socially but act publicly: refocusing CSR as corporate public responsibility.Journal of Public Affairs,16(1), pp.91-104. Kim, S.Y., Park, S.T. and Kim, Y.K., 2015. Samsung-Apple Patent War Case Analysis: Focus on the Strategy to Deal with Patent Litigation.Journal of Digital Convergence,13(3), pp.117-125. Magnusson, P., Westjohn, S.A. and Zdravkovic, S., 2015. An examination of the interplay between corporate social responsibility, the brands home country, and consumer global identification.International Marketing Review,32(6), pp.663-685. Pedersen, E.R.G. ed., 2015.Corporate social responsibility. Sage. Rana, S., 2015. Book Review: The reality of corporate social responsibility: Case studies on the impact of CSR on workers in China, South Korea, India and Indonesia. Hong Kong: Asia Monitor Resource Centre, 2012.Asian Labour Review,1. Saeed, N.B., Nematiyan, M. and Albonaiemi, E., 2016. Effective factors on the value of international brands in Iranian consumers (Case Study of Samsung brand in Khuzestan market).International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies (IJHCS)? ISSN 2356-5926,2(3), pp.974-984. Samsung, 2016.Home. [online] Samsung Electronics America. Available at: https://www.samsung.com [Accessed 28 Dec. 2016]. Urandelger, G. and Bae, B.R., 2016. The Impacts of Corporate Social Responsibility on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty,29(3), pp.1205-1230.

The Blind Side is a film directed by John Lee Essays - Films

The Blind Side' is a film directed by John Lee Hancock which is based on the true story of Michael Oher . This film portrays Michael's life before becoming a successful football player for the NFL team Baltimore Ravens', and how Leigh-Anne Tuohy and her family fostered then later adopted a homeless and abandoned boy and turned him into an athlete and a superstar. This reading log will focus on the life of Michael Oher , and how he gave up a background of drugs and violence and the obstacles he had to face to get to where he is now. An interesting quality that Michael Oher's character had throughout the film was his ability to take good advice on how to be better at what he is doing. This can be especially seen when he has his first football game playing for his high school team The Crusaders'. While on the field, he wasn't doing as well as he was on training, where he impressed everyone with his extraordinary strength. Seeing this, Leigh-Anne storms onto the field, ignoring the coach when he tells her not to. She confronts Michael and starts comparing the football team to his family saying "This team is your family, Michael.You have to protect them from those guys". She compares herself to the quarterback and SJ to the tailback, who Michael has to protect. After that pep talk' Michael dominated his position, which ultimately leads to his team winning the game. This and other pieces of advice that he took from people he trusts lead him to his stardom as a professional football player. Another interesting quality that Michael has is that he is able to control his life and the path he takes. Michael comes from a broken home, with his estranged father being murdered while Michael was in high school, and his mother being addicted to drugs. One night, he runs away from his mother's house to the school gym, which he stayed the night as it is warm'. This is intriguing as he rejects his background of drugs and his mother's bad habits. He knows that drugs are harmful and it wouldn't lead him to success, so he decides to stay away from it. These choices ultimately lead to his success in life. I personally think this film has a great insight on life in America. On one side, there are many people in poverty with a bad lifestyle. Drug abuse, violence, and other crimes are rampant throughout this sector of the population. Children growing up in these parts of America are influenced by the different people there and turn to crime. On the other side, there are wealthy, high-class people who have many luxuries that others might not have. The Blind Side shows both of these sides, as Michael goes from living in poverty to becoming part of a rich family, then becoming a wealthy football player. In conclusion, the film "The Blind Side" by John Lee Hancock shows us that anyone can take control of their lives by taking advice from people who are already successful. In Michael's case, he took over his life at a young age by rejecting his mother's unhealthy drug habits. I would definitely recommend this film to others my age to watch as it as it incorporates important life lessons that people my age could use.

Fraud Auditing and Different Type of Fraud free essay sample

Over the years, the role of auditors become increasingly important especially in a capitalist economy as the process of wealth creation and political stability depends heavily upon confidence in processes of accountability and how well the expected roles are being fulfilled. An auditor has the responsibility for the prevention, detection and reporting of fraud, other illegal acts and errors is one of the most controversial issues in auditing. The most frequently debated areas amongst auditors, politicians, media, regulators and the public is where the fraud is coming from and by whom. This disagreement has been especially tinted by the collapse of big corporations like Enron and WorldCom. The unforeseen fall of Enron and WorldCom traumatized the world as both of these companies received clean bills of health from their auditors immediately prior to their for bankruptcy. Type of fraud Fraud itself comprises a large variety of activities and includes bribery, political corruption, business and employee fraud, consumer theft; network hacking, bankruptcy and divorce fraud, and identity theft. We will write a custom essay sample on Fraud Auditing and Different Type of Fraud or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many find it helpful to separate between internal and external fraud. Internal fraud is usually found by internal auditors. In the Statement of Auditing Standards 99, it’s defines fraud as an intentional act that results in a material misstatement in financial statements. There are two types of fraud considered: misstatements arising from fraudulent financial reporting (e. g. falsification of accounting records) and misstatements arising from misappropriation of assets (e. g. theft of assets or fraudulent expenditures). Examples of fraudulent financial reporting and Misappropriation of assets; * Fraudulent financial reporting. An example of fraudulent financial reporting is a company that ships customers’ goods that have not been ordered and then records the revenue as if it met all the criteria for revenue recognition. In other cases involving new high technology products, company personnel may have provided customers with a side agreement granting right of return for any reason or made payment for the goods contingent on receipt of funding or some other event. In such cases the side agreement typically is not disclosed to the auditor because he underlying transaction would not meet the criteria for revenue recognition under generally accepted accounting principles. * Misappropriation of assets. Examples of misappropriation of assets are thefts of cash, inventory or securities. Small practitioners specifically asked for guidance in this area because they were more likely to encounter misappropriations than fraudulent financial reporting. Auditors from larger firms were more concerned about fraudulent financial reporting from a materiality standpoint but also thought guidance on misappropriations would be helpful. The Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) Definition The IIA describes fraud as â€Å"any illegal acts characterized by deceit, concealment or violation of trust. These acts are not dependent upon the application of threat of violence or of physical force. Frauds are perpetrated by parties and organizations to obtain money, property, or services; to avoid payment or loss of services; or to secure personal or business advantage. † The IIA further clarifies fraud and misconduct. Deterrence of Fraud Deterrence of fraud consists of those actions taken to discourage the perpetration of fraud and limit the exposure if fraud does occur. The principal mechanism for deterring fraud is control. The primary responsibility for establishing and maintaining control rests with management. Internal control is a process affected by an organization’s management that is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of objectives in the following categories: 1. Reliability of financial reporting, 2. Compliance with applicable laws and regulations and 3. Effectiveness and efficiency of operations. The standard describes the fraud triangle. Generally, the three ‘fraud triangle’ conditions are present when Fraud occurs. First, there is an incentive or pressure that provides a reason to commit fraud. Second, there is an opportunity for fraud to be perpetrated (e. g. absence of controls, ineffective controls, or the ability of management to override controls. ) Third, the individuals committing the fraud possess an attitude that enables them to rationalize the fraud. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/SAS_99) As we know fraud is more likely to be committed by a single individual, without a prior history of fraud, who often raises a red flag because they are living beyond their means and are experiencing financial difficulties. The reasons for fraud are not always obvious to the business owner or even their attorneys. However, what is obvious is that it is often overlooked, ignored, and even undetected. An Analysis of the Fraud Triangle Abstract The concept of a â€Å"Fraud Triangle† is introduced to the professional literature in SAS No. 99, Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit. The Fraud Triangle consists of three conditions generally present when fraud occurs: Incentive/Pressure, Opportunity, and Attitude/ Rationalizations. Input from forensic experts, academics and others consistently show that evaluation of information about fraud is enhanced when auditors evaluate in the context of these three conditions. To examine the impact of the fraud triangle on the audit process, this paper develops an evidential network that has two major sub-networks: one to capture risk and evidential relationships for a conventional financial statement audit and the other to capture the risk and evidential relationships for fraud risk assessment. These networks use the Belief Functions approach to express the uncertainties involved in the evidence in a financial statement audit. The results of the analyses support the concept of the fraud triangle in that the three components and the relationships between those components are shown to have a substantial impact on audit risk. Part of an auditor’s job is to ensure that their clients’ financial statements are free of fraud. But, what is fraud? It is a universally understood term; however, most people are unable to truly define what it means. Depending on the source from which it is obtained, there are a number of definitions for the term. For example, the definition in Webster’s dictionary is going to be different from the definition of fraud that the AICPA has. Also, to make things a bit more complicated, some definitions, such as the one given by the ACFE, are broken down into categories based on the types of fraud that can occur, each of which having its own definition of course. One would think that a simple word like fraud would be easily definable, but in reality, it has multiple meanings and can be interpreted differently depending to whom or where it is being referenced. Documentation The auditor should document in the work papers the assessment of the risk of material misstatement due to fraud. At a minimum, the auditor needs to document those risk factors identified in the audit engagement and the auditors’ response to them. If other risk factors are identified during the audit that causes the auditor to believe an additional response is required, he or she should document those factors or conditions and any further response the auditor concluded was appropriate. Fraud Theory Auditors today are at a crossroads regarding how to incorporate fraud detection into their audit plans. Sarbanes Oxley, Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) regulators, and the professional standards of auditing are requiring auditors to give greater consideration to incorporating fraud detection into their audit plan. Companies’ boards of directors, management, and the public are asking why is fraud occurring and going undetected in our business systems. Auditors are asking themselves whether fraud can be detected when there is no predication or allegation of a specific fraud. Traditionally, the auditing profession had two fundamental ways to deal with the fraud question: Search for fraud using a passive approach of testing internal controls. The approach relies on auditors seeing the red flags of fraud. Although few audit programs incorporate specific red flags for audit observation, the assumption is that professional experience will provide auditors with the skills to observe the red flags. 2. React to fraud allegations received through a tip or some other audit source. Since studies continue to indicate that most frauds are detected through tips, we need to ask ourselves how effective past audit approaches have been. Historically, the profession relied on evaluating the adequacy and effectiveness of internal controls to detect and deter fraud. Auditors would first document the system of internal controls. If internal controls were deemed adequate, the auditors would then test those controls to ensure they were operating as intended by management. The test of internal controls was based on testing a random, unbiased sample of transactions in the business system. Conventionally, audit standards stated that auditors should be alert to the red flags of fraud in the conduct of an audit. Study after study indicates that the lack of professional skepticism is a leading cause for audit failure in detecting fraud. In one sense, the search for fraud seems like a daunting responsibility. However, fraud in its simplest form should be easy to find. After all, the key to finding fraud is looking where fraud is and has been. This book focuses on the use of fraud auditing to detect fraud in core business systems. Fraud auditing is a proactive audit approach designed to respond to the risk of fraud. Essentially, the fraud audit approach requires auditors to answer these questions: Who commits fraud, and how? . What type of fraud are we looking for? 3. Should fraud be viewed as an inherent risk? 4. What is the relationship between internal controls and fraud opportunity? 5. How is fraud concealed? 6. How can we incorporate the fraud theory into our audit approach? 7. What are the ways fraud auditing can be used to detect fraud? The auditor’s response to risk can vary widely. He or she may believe the audit program already addresses areas of risk sufficiently, making no further response necessary. Depending on the nature of the risk, the auditor may wish to change the nature, timing or extent of procedures. The auditor may wish to increase the number of locations at which inventory counts are observed or assure that the inventory counts are moved close to yearend. In connection with receivable confirmation requests, the auditor—faced with other risk factors—may wish to inquire of the appropriate person about the existence of side agreements. When the auditor has significant concerns about management’s integrity or otherwise concludes it is not possible to address the level of risk on the engagement, he or she should consider withdrawing from the audit, with appropriate communications to the entities audit committee. According to criminologist Donald R. Cressey While researching his doctoral thesis in the 1950s, famed criminologist Donald R. Cressey came up with this hypothesis to explain why people commit fraud. The three key elements in the fraud triangle are opportunity, motivation, and rationalization. Opportunity is the element over which business owners have the most control. Limiting opportunities for fraud is one way a company can reduce it. Opportunity is the ability to commit fraud. Because fraudsters don’t wish to be caught, they must also believe that their activities will not be detected. The Opportunity to commit fraud is possible when employees have access to assets and information that allows them to both commit and conceal fraud. Employees are given access to records and valuables in the ordinary course of their jobs. Unfortunately, that access allows people to commit fraud. Over the years, managers have become responsible for a wider range of employees and functions. This has led to more access for them, as well as more control over functional areas of companies. Access must be limited to only those systems, information, and assets that are truly necessary for an employee to complete his or her job. Opportunity is created by weak internal controls, poor management oversight, and/or through use of one’s position and authority. Failure to establish adequate procedures to detect fraudulent activity also increases the opportunities fraud for to occur. Motivation, or can be referred to as incentive, is another aspect of the fraud triangle, it is a pressure or a â€Å"need† felt by the person who commits fraud. It might be a real financial or other type of need, such as high medical bills or debts. Or it could be a perceived financial need, such as a person who has a desire for material goods but not the means to get them. Motivators can also be non financial. There may be high pressure for good results at work or a need to cover up someone’s poor performance. Addictions such as gambling and drugs may also motivate someone to commit fraud. Lastly, employees may rationalize this behavior by determining that committing fraud is OK for a variety of reasons. Rationalization is a crucial component in most frauds. Rationalization involves a person reconciling his/her behavior with the commonly accepted notions of decency and trust. For those who are generally dishonest, it is probably easier to rationalize a fraud. For those with higher moral standards, it is probably not so easy. They have to convince themselves that fraud is OK with â€Å"excuses† for their behavior. Common rationalizations include making up for being underpaid or replacing a bonus that was deserved but not received. A thief may convince himself that he is just â€Å"borrowing† money from the company and will pay it back one day. Some embezzlers tell themselves that the company doesn’t need the money or won’t miss the assets. Others believe that the company â€Å"deserves† to have money stolen because of bad acts against employees. Role of Auditors in Corruption Investigations Auditors may come across situations, during their examinations, which smack of corruption. Since investigation requires different standards and skills, the auditors cannot get into the business of investigating a suspected case of corruption. However, they can forward extracts of their reports to investigating agencies for further probe. As compared to auditing, investigation is a different area of oversight. However, auditors can play a vital role in assisting the agencies responsible for investigation against alleged cases of corruption. The investigating agency could be an internal entity, some anti-corruption commission, police, judiciary or a specialized body for a mega corruption case. The investigation may be initiated on a complaint from a citizen, employee, auditor or a supervisor in an organization. Internal auditors usually have more diversified and detailed knowledge of operations in different parts of the organization than the investigating agency staff that may be deployed only for a particular case. The internal auditors can assist the investigating staff in interpreting various rules, in explaining various practices, in sharing some of the onfidential information that they may possess or discussing technical details of operations. The internal auditors can pinpoint areas of excessive cost and weaker controls which can help the investigating staff in detecting corruption. Conclusion In conclusion, there are many faces of fraud. The definition or clarification of what fraud actually is depends entirely on the reference from which it is being examined. As was shown, each source has its own definition of fraud and what categories of fraud do in fact exist. In order to fully understand how to look for and identify fraud in financial statements of clients, auditors need to understand what fraud is and what characteristics constitute fraud.

Colonialism in Nigeria essays

Colonialism in Nigeria essays The earliest known documentation of Nigeria is that it was the sight of a group of organized states called Hausa. The earliest Nigerians were the Nok people. These Noks were skilled artisans, but they didnt last long. The Noks had disappeared by the second millennium. The Southwest region of Lake Chad, Africa was ruled by the Kanem-Bornu during the 8th century. By the 1300s, the empire of Kanem-Bornu was a flourishing center of Islamic culture, rivaling Mali in the west. As this African kingdom began to stagnate, the western states fell under the rule of Songhai and the empire fell in result. During the 15th century, Nigeria was a very prosperous country with great cultivation and trading. By the late 16th century, the Kanem-Bornu broke up and the Hausa states regained their independence. In the 19th century, the Fulani then took dominance in the lands of Hausa and the southern part of the country was divided at this time. In the west, Yoruba had their own states; the Edo ruled in Benin in the south-central parts; and the Ibo had control in the east, in and north of the Niger delta. People such as Mungo Park, Richard Lemon Lander, and John Lander first explored the interior in 1830-31. Realizing the potential of the area, the Portuguese, the British, and others established slave-trading stations in the Niger delta. The British sent consuls to Calabar and Lagos, where traders were established, and they took full possession of Lagos. The British then established protectorates after the conclusion of several treaties with the native chiefs and in 1893, the name Niger Coast Protectorate was established. Then, in 1900, after expansion in the southwest, which brought about the addition of the kingdom of Benin, the name was changed to the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria. In the same year, the British proclaimed the protectorate of Northern Nigeria as well. ...

SPORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SPORT - Essay Example Scoring high grades is the widely known measure of a student’s success, while there are several activities in school that scholars engage in (Ripley, 2014). Institutions of higher learning forever compete to produce excellent students that are marketable in the job industry. Sport is among the extra curriculum activities that scholar take part while in school besides academics, even other children are enrolled in gaming clubs away from school. Research documents that sport is essential as a form of relaxation to a scholar, a way from books or as a physical exercise. Sports on the other hand, offer a platform for continuous learning and overall growth. Sports do not interfere with a student academic performance and thus parents should be enforcers in their children choice of extra curriculum activities? The main mission of an education center is to train scholars on various subjects such as Math, English among others. Moreover, most institutions of higher learning are equipped with facilities to promote the process of knowledge acquisition. Amanda Ripley suggests that, the world smartest countries support 100% learning activities only yet some students still perform poorly. Inclusion of a sport program has never caused harm to any student and their academic performance instead; games are best in breaking the monotony of the class-teaching set-up. The realization of the importance of extra curriculum activities by the school managers is necessary for scholars stand to reap benefits as well as the institution. Trophies and prizes won during sports competitions aren’t individualized by scholars instead displayed at the school’s reception bring pride, prestige and fame to the institution. Sponsoring sports in line with the school’s mission offers an ample environme nt for both academic and extra curriculum performance. Scholars are able to grow all round with valuable principles such teamwork, discipline and