Ecological Anthropology Essay Example for Free

Ecological Anthropology Essay In 1992, the largest-ever meeting of world leaders took place at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Convention on Biological Diversity was one of two major treaties opened for signature at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in 1992. It was the first global agreement on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. The biodiversity treaty gained rapid and widespread acceptance. The Convention has three main goals: the conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of the components of biodiversity, and sharing the benefits arising from the commercial and other utilization of genetic resources in a fair and equitable way. The Convention is comprehensive in its goals, and deals with an issue so vital to humanity’s future, that it stands as a landmark in international law. It links traditional conservation efforts to the economic goal of using biological resources sustainably. It sets principles for the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the use of genetic resources, notably those destined for commercial use. But eleven years passed since the Convention entered into force. That is why some of its provisions are in the greatest need of revision, namely provision 1 in Article 17. It is connected with exchange of information: â€Å"the Contracting Parties shall facilitate the exchange of information, from all publicly available sources, relevant to the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, taking into account the special needs of developing countries.† Today we live in informational society. Information is one of the most valuable things that we can get. By means of information we can avoid great danger. It is very important to be well – informed, especially in ecological sphere. That is why the word â€Å"facilitate† is too weak to stress all the value of the provision concerning the exchange of information. It should be replaced by such words as â€Å"ensure† or   â€Å"provide†. In that event this provision will get modern strict sense and the importance of informational exchange will be stressed.

Essay on the Language of A Clockwork Orange -- Clockwork Orange Essays

The Language of A Clockwork Orange  Ã‚      â€Å"Gooly into a world where by nochy prestoopniks rule and oobivat and by day all is well.† This is the nature of A Clockwork Orange, a novel by Anthony Burgess, where one enters the world of a fifteen-year-old named Alex who speaks a vernacular language and does what he likes. This molody nadsat, or young teen, leads a life where crime is real horrorshow as he dodges millicents, or policemen, in order to live a life he wants in the merzky, grazzy city where he resides. Alex and his shaika oobivat too many lewdies, though, and the millicents loveted him. He then becomes a plenny in the StaJa, away from his moloko, snoutie or beloved classical music. As a plenny, he undergoes tests by viddying sinnies, making him horn in pain at the messel of krovvy or guttiwuts. After the tests, Alex returns to the streets as a real horrorshow new malchick, unable to pony or prod crime. Eventually, he meets a ded whose zheena he oobivated before, and is tricked into almost ending his jeezny by thinking of the sinnies and being forced to gooly out of an okno and falling many raskazzes. Alex lives, though, and returns to a jeezny of crime and keeps the city spoogy of him. The previous paragraph gives an example what much of A Clockwork Orange’s language is like throughout the progression of the novel and is partially the reason why it has developed such a cult following since its release in 1963. What Burgess has done is taken English as a base language, and through the use of slang from English, Russian, Arabic and Gypsy, formed a language all its own which actually manages to accurately depict both the mindset of Alex but also the brutality of the world in which he lives. Some of his wo... ...restrictions in the forms of laws or minor regulations. So too does Alex express this interest. Although among today’s youth it is not common to be rioting or embarking on a homicide spree, Alex feels this is his way of living a carefree life. However, as a result of his liberty being â€Å"denied,† he attempts to vent his anger by committing suicide. Again, today’s teens do not generally veer towards those extremes. The parallel reaction in today’s youth to Alex’s reaction would be the excessive usage of innuendo, free use of the vernacular, indulgence in pleasure of any and all kinds, and the exhibition of mock violence to alleviate angst. It is interesting that there is such a shocking similarity between our world and that of the novel because the novel was written in 1963, at which time there were certainly many differences between teens’ views then and those of today.

Intimate And Sensate Spaces Film Studies Essay

Do memorable experiences permeate architectural boundaries to give us a sense of belonging, and to what extent does the content of memory exist in familiarities of darkness, aroma and topographic point? As our lives become entwined with the physical occurrences in this universe we seek a sense of comfort in the topographic points we most closely associate with. Familiarities of darkness, aroma and topographic point along with their intangible properties stimulate our memories of past experiences and reaffirm our presence in this universe. In clip these topographic points become hoarded wealths of memories and weave through our reinforced environments structuring our journey and doing it meaningful.Introduction1 ) Historic illustrations of how Gothic Cathedrals and Egyptian temples became symbols of clip and experience. 2 ) Analyzing the decreasing animal familiarities and duologues between infinites and our lives and the transparence tendency in modern edifices today. 3 ) Phenomenology as looking at architecture through our ain witting experiences and the undertaking of Architecture to construction and happen our being in this universe 4 ) The purpose of this essay to research the content of what makes topographic points memorable by understanding the relationship between familiarities of darkness, aroma and topographic point.BodyA Intimate infinites and Geometry of Feeling in Phenomenology of Architecture Contemporary readings of brilliantly illuminated infinites and overexploitation of transparence in infinites decreasing our sense of intimate life. The human as a traveler, as a place inhabitant, as a melancholiac and how memories of topographic point infuse him with feelings of familiarity. B 1 ) Familiarity of Darkness Different personifications of darkness in literature, art The Significance of the Shadow How darkness constructions nostalgic images of the yesteryear. The nexus between darkness and memory Symbolic nature of Mental imagination of darkness The ability of darkness to rise the power of other senses. 2 ) Familiarity of Aroma Sense of odor and its ability to transport the individual to different kingdoms of clip Link between darkness and sense of odor Experiencing architecture through the sense of odor The connexion between memory and olfactory property 3 ) Familiarity of Topographic point The nexus between sense of odor and topographic point Sensate topographic points as powerful contents of memory Building and its intimate relation to its context Genius Loci and the phenomenon of topographic point Atmosphere and character of a topographic point 4 ) Design as an appropriate medium of look in being able to retrieve our past experiences and reaffirming our presence in this universe. 5 ) Using Design as a museum of clip, poignance and recollection in carry throughing our desires for intimate connexions and associations with this universe. 6 ) How we translate intimate spacial and centripetal experiences into the cloth of Architecture Tactile stuff looks Treatment of visible radiation and shadow Journey through infinites and altering spacial experiences Establishing a strong contextual relation between the edifice and its environment 7 ) Reviewing the practical possibilities through built illustrations and instance surveies of Architects like Peter Zumthor and Alvar Alto. DecisionIntroductionAs our lives become entwined with the physical occurrences in this universe we seek a sense of belonging in the topographic points we most closely associate with. ‘What is losing from our homes today are the possible minutess between organic structure, imaginativeness and environment ‘ Kent C Bloomer and Charles W Moore. ( as quoted in Pallasmaa 2005: P 41 ) How cognizant are we of the function of Architecture as a topographic point of memory in our lives? Architecture over coevalss has portrayed legion aspects of our physical being in this universe, be it emotion, faith, civilization or recollection. Our perceptual experiences of infinites are influenced by our figments of imaginativeness and recollections of past experiences, be it chapters of a novel, scenes of a movie, glances of a metropolis or narratives of loved 1s, all soaked with times of familiarity and nostalgia. Historic illustrations of such environments have borne testament to this though t in the signifier of Egyptian temples where we witness the silence of the dead and Gothic cathedrals where the eyes are drawn upwards along the arches to the mighty image of God as among the legion wonders of architectural experiences. However, modern infinites of today seem so subtle in their ability to travel us and raise within us wonders of clip and memory. Or is it this turning accent on transparence and openness in modern architecture that has led to decreasing sensitivenesss towards the perceptual experience of infinites as being an confidant and sensate representation of our lives. For the grade to which we observe elements of shadow and the feelings they construe in us, hints of odor and their ability to transport us to different kingdoms of clip and the ambiance of a topographic point, is deserving oppugning. The theory of Phenomenology explains the ethos of architecture as being tasked with non mere physical building of signifiers and maps but besides the manifestation of human experiences and emotions in the edifices we reside in. In kernel our intent as interior decorators is to carry through our interior desires of topographic points that comfort us and make an intimate bond between worlds and their reinforced environments. Contentment in design exists in the individual sing the architecture in all its kingdoms and our environments would be uncomplete representations of our lives if they are barren of memories and experiences. This essay aims to analyze the complex kingdom of familiarity in darkness, aroma and topographic point that have pervaded the really cloth of architecture in the yesteryear and go component and indispensible elements of memorable infinites, therefore taking me to oppugn whether memorable experiences permeate spacial boundaries to give us a sense of belonging, and if so so how do we animate such experiences in the context of modern spacial design.Intimate and Sensate SpacesIntimate infinites are a sense of realisation of the affectional, sensate and memorial features of a topographic point. They reach out and prosecute with our innermost desires of seeking comfort within a home. Architecture ‘s undertaking lies non merely in the physical manifestation of the edifice but besides in the intimate journey of the individual sing the architecture in all its signifiers. Intimate experiences habituate our being in this universe and embody deeper significances and apprehension of mundane life. As competently suggested by Pallasmaa, ‘It is clip that we considered whether signifiers or geometry in general can give rise to architectural feeling ‘ ( P410 ) As mentioned earlier the great wonders of architectural experiences such as Gothic cathedrals and Egyptian temples ne'er failed to travel us and shock us at their magnificence. We realize that they so played close attending to the significance of shadow and visible radiation which were important design elements in the experience they aimed to incarnate. So how so do we inculcate familiarities, enigmas, inquiries, nostalgia and melancholia in our modern twenty-four hours opposite numbers when they seem so vivacious, crystalline and unfastened in their visual aspect? As appropriately suggested by Luis Barragan ‘We have lost our sense of intimate life, and have become forced to populate public lives, basically off from place ‘ ( quoted in Pallasmaa 2005, P47 ) Ultimately the homes we reside in are meant to convey us closer to our reinforced environments, construction our being and non detach us and do us distant animals in the chase of void. Multisensory infinitesFamiliarity of DarknessDarkness more frequently seen as the absence of visible radiation has been associated with many different intensions that have played an influential function in the manner we perceive a dark infinite ; in short darkness has its ain narrative. Panic and offense scenes in literature, memories of the past captured in vintage frames, nostalgic lonely scenes described in poesy and more frequently than non an creative person ‘s picture expresses a deep apprehension of the contrast between dark and light. Further lucubrating on the personification of darkness in literature, a notable illustration would be the significance of darkness portrayed by Shakespeare in his tragic drama Macbeth which in many important scenes depicted the dark sky as a cloak of privacy that the supporter ‘s call upon when perfidy and slaying befall them. Another illustration would be from Junichiro Tanizaki ‘s in congratulations of shadows wherein he desc ribes the symbolic representation of a lacquer dish as being tantamount to savoring the darkness of the room. ( Pallasmaa, 2005 ) These illustrations are of import landmarks of mentions when we begin to chew over over the avenues that darkness as an component has opened up in our twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours lives and moreover introduced into it a personal spacial dimension. Example from the architectural uncanny. Our perceptual experience of darkness is affected by the mode in which the oculus observes analyses and visualizes the material objects around us. The oculus has the ability to divide what we want to see from what we prefer non to see, which is strongly manipulated by the strength of visible radiation in a infinite. The sense of vision determines our connexions with infinites, signifiers and stuffs likewise, and ignites our ideas, imaginativeness and emotions. Darkness so is no longer merely an ambiance of concept in the physical dimension of infinite but it starts to pervade and unify with the darkness of the head even. Therein develops a new continuum of perceived dark infinite, more merely understood as symbolic imagination of darkness, which exists in the boundaries of our phantasies, dreams and imaginativeness. The intimacy of these connexions is straight affected by the contrast of visible radiation and shadow in a infinite, as noted by Pallasmaa ( 2005, p46 ) ‘During ove rmastering emotional experiences, we tend to shut off the distancing sense of vision ; we close the eyes when dreaming, listening to music, or fondling our darling 1s ‘ He farther goes on to explicate the significance of shadows and darkness in chanting down the acuteness of vision and in bring oning our inner ideas and feelings that otherwise seem elusive and hibernating. ( Pallasmaa 2005 ) Obviously plenty, darkness structures our immediate sensate and intimate experiences of minutes gone by or enfold our head with new found associations of clip and infinite. We chose to either remain confined to the darkness of physical infinite or in bend explore the boundaries of fanciful dark infinites. Memories are the consequence of these geographic expeditions within our heads that take topographic point in the presence of elusive visible radiation and deep shadow infinites. Memories are like scenes in a drama or chapters of a book that journey from one facet to another making a assortment of experiences for the individual walking through the infinite. As claimed by Pallasmaa that streets of old towns and metropoliss with their dim lit scenes appear more challenging than modern overly lit streets and towns oftoday. ( Pallasmaa, 2005 ) It about seems as if darkness and shadow play an instrumental function in raising up images of past experiences and exciting our ideas. Reaffirmed herein by Pallasmaa once more when he explains ‘The human oculus is most absolutely tuned for dusk instead than bright daytime. Mist and twilight rouse the imaginativeness by doing ocular images ill-defined and equivocal ‘ ( 2005, P46 ) More frequently than non we enjoy and gaze with admiratio n at the simple admirations of the dark sky, be it a star lit sky, a cloudy sky, a full Moon dark. Memories resonate in these infinites, infinites that give us the chance to be a portion of the admirations of nature, or experience times that we long for. When we begin to understand these elaboratenesss in the look of visible radiation and shadow, or duologues between atmosphere and our organic structure we begin to oppugn the elaboratenesss and duologues between our yesteryear and nowadays and look frontward to determining of new memories in the hereafter. The functions of visible radiation and darkness are interestingly linked yet absolutely balanced and it is for those grounds that we begin to develop new found associations with infinite that in many ways seem intimate and fond to our being. Memorable topographic point experiences are profoundly infused with infinites we most closely associate with. Darkness and shadow in their ain manner create a sense of purdah and enigma that all right tune the character and ambiance of a topographic point to comfort our senses and comfort us in times of demand. Many a clip ideas in our head have a inclination to look in an equivocal and unorganised manner, likewise shadow excessively creates an atmosphere of obscureness and wonder that spurs our imaginativeness and memories. On the contrary, topographic points of bright visible radiation and utmost strength weaken our esthesis of topographic point and personal experience. ( Pallasmaa 2005 ) As farther critically explained by Pallasmaa that the be st manner of subjecting people to insanity is with the usage of utmost degrees of visible radiation strength which erases any hint of personal infinite and idea. ( Pallasmaa 2005 ) Darkness in its confidant and sensate characteristic goes a measure farther to convey to illume the other senses in our organic structure. Darkness subdues the ocular esthesis of the oculus, automatically exciting the power of other senses such as touch and odor. It is in the presence of deep shadow that we depend on the heightened power of our other senses to see and closely prosecute with a infinite.Familiarity of AromaAroma, besides termed as an olfactive sense though preponderantly a ignored facet in architecture, is in fact one of the strongest centripetal characteristics in our organic structures and the deepness of experience and experiencing it covers is although unseeable but enkindled clip and once more through built-in tactile and ocular qualities of a infinite. It is an indispensible constitutional component of spacial design, raising up ocular imagination and personal penetrations of memories and infinites, transporting us to different kingdoms of clip. More simplistical ly set frontward, scent engages dialogue with nature through air current, H2O, location, flora as portion of the external environment and duologue with infinite through furniture, stuffs, and ocular entreaty in the interior environment. We ever trace ourselves back to a topographic point in clip through our sense of odor be it elusive or overmastering. As notably marked by Barbara and Perliss that olfactory property constitutes a powerful content of memory, perforating our inner ideas and exciting our emotions. Furthermore they bring back and refresh forgotten or hibernating minutes and experiences from within us. ( Barbara and Perliss 2006 ) Even though aroma by itself is a powerful tool in the remembrance of memory, it best exists when supported by the other senses, working in tandem to make a multisensory experience.

What Responsibilities Do Ethnographers Have On The World

What responsibilities do ethnographers have to interpret the world and to change the world? The content, structure and function of ethnography are widely debated throughout anthropology. Very broadly, Ethnography can be defined as â€Å"an account resulting from having done fieldwork† (Marcus Cushman, 1982: p26) but what is perhaps more interesting is how they define Ethnographic Realism: â€Å"a mode of writing that seeks to represent the reality of a whole world or form of life† (Marcus Cushman, 1982: p26). What is intriguing about this method is it suggests an ethnographer’s role is one of an observer and reporter, not that of an activist. In the first part of this essay I intend to explore the obligations and duties Ethnographers have when interpreting the people that they study. I will then go on to explore the implications that this has in their capacity to change the world. I shall be exploring this topic from the perspective that ethnographers have a co mmitment to portraying the societies they study accurately, without attempting to alter their values. The first question I would like to address is: do Ethnographers have a responsibility to interpret the communities that they study? One could argue that Ethnographers have no responsibility to interpret the world of others or that they do not need to interpret what they have found truthfully. No matter how objective they attempt to be, we are always seeing the ethnographer’s interpretation of a society not witnessing itShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Pros and Cons of Ethnographic Reflexivity849 Words   |  4 Pagesrecognizes that texts do not simply and transparently report an independent order of reality. Rather, the texts themselves are implicated in the work of reality-construction (Emerson et. al., 1995:213). According to Robert M. Emerson and colleagues, reflexivity is a method in which the ethnographer is aware that his/her writing choices are shaped to acknowledge the ethnographers presence in the culture being studied. Thus, while writing and analyzing fieldnotes, the ethnographer-as-author grows increasinglyRead MoreA Research Study On Anthropology And Sociology1308 Words   |  6 Pagespractice the matter or difficult under revision. They do not bring persons into a laboratory with (an unnatural condition), nor do they characteristically refer out devices for persons to complete (Creswell, 2014). This up close evidence collected by actually speaking straight to individuals and seeing them conduct them self and performance inside their situation is a chief representative of qualitative research. In the normal location, the researchers have direct communication, frequently over a periodRead MoreEssay Malinowskis Participant-Observation in Modern Anthropology2209 Words   |  9 Page sparticipant-observation sit in the landscape of modern anthropological fieldwork? A primary objective of the modern ethnographer is to glean insights into the ways people relate to and interact with one another and the world around them. Through participant-observation, Malinowski (1922) offered a valuable tool with which to uncover these insights and understandings, the ethnographer. The ethnographer as research tool has become the basis of much modern anthropological research. As a method, it was a radicalRead MoreAn Analysis Of Nancy Scheper Hughes Article1270 Words   |  6 Pageswitness does not allow you to fully understand what you’re studying and reduces the â€Å"subject† to â€Å"objects†. Her approach changed when a fight broke out between her research assistant and the women of shantytown in Northeast Brazil. â€Å"Why had she refused to work with them when they had been so willing to work with her? Didn’t she care about them or their lives, their suffering, their struggle?† (P. 410) Just standing by watching the suffering was what she felt that she was doing. She states that herRead MoreThe Relationship Between Flexibility Benefits Used And Work Family Conflict1433 Words   |  6 Pagesbalance family time and the responsibilities of their chosen career without creating disturbance within their home. As a way to lessen these disputes corporations have begun to provide certain benefits, organizations, and flexible work arrangements to their employees. However, in recent studies that examine the use of flexible work arrangements and reduced levels of work-family conflict no significant results of reduced disturbance has been reported (Cicei, 2015). Since there have been no significant resultsRead MoreAnalysis Of Eileen Chang s Red Rose, White Rose1448 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"When a man is longing to have sex with a woman, he becomes interested in her soul, and deceives himself that he is in love with that soul; only after possessing her body, he can forget about her soul. Perhaps this is the only way to liberate himself.† This is a famous quote from the novel â€Å"Red Rose, White Rose† written by Eileen Chang, one of the most influential contemporary Chinese female writers. There is no doubt that some modern critics and feminists may point out that this idea of gender roleRead MoreThe s Work Sex And Temperament1969 Words   |  8 PagesSecondly, I chose Mead’s work Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies, because it â€Å"completed the trilogy on these native cultures† (Flaherty 2002, 1). Simply put, not only do these works play a significant role in Mead’s life, but they hardly represent all of what Mead has done. In this anthropological research, Mead observes three tribes, â€Å"(1) the Arapesh, a hill tribe near the coast of Aitape, in the Mandated Territory of New Guinea, (2) the Mundugumor, on the Yuat (Dà ¶rferfluss), the secondRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Society1828 Words   |  8 PagesTechnology has played a pivotal role in the socioeconomic development of virtually every modern country. Technology allows humanity to do more with less, thereby speeding up the pace of production and accomplishment. It changes the perception of the nation-state, giving significantly more power to emerging multinational corporations. As a result, governments no longer have as much control over their citizens, whose jobs, households, and futures are controlled by these large companies. With the rise ofRead MoreNon Corporations And Its Impact On Fostering Change2193 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract Despite the fact that many organizations have embraced the new management strategies in reflexivity, there are still countless issues in the same regard. It is also vital to remember that for an entity to remain competitive in the market, it must formulate workable management strategies. In this survey, it is demonstrated that it is the sole responsibility of the reflexive managers to make sure that there is a flow of communication pattern in the company. The models include the researchRead MoreA Brief Note On The And Social Science1880 Words   |  8 Pagesthese groups are the way they are and do the things they do. Ethnographies may take many different forms and take form on many different topics. These topics can range anywhere from sororities or fraternities to certain religions or cultures to cults or gangs and to many others. The type of ethnography that will be discussed is one on gangs. Dr. Jody Miller is a criminology professor at Rutgers University s School of Criminal Justice. She is also an ethnographer and wrote â€Å"One of the Guys: Girls,

One-Child Policy was Chinas Answer to Overpopulation Essay

Population In October 12, 1999, the worlds population has reached to 6 billion people. about only 12 years later (October 31, 2011) the world has gone up to 7 billion. Many people on the planet are worried about the world population going too high. They fear that too many people would result in starvation and quick depletion of resources. Some people believe that we should have some type of law that would limit the number of children we can have in each family. Something similar has come true in China about 30 years ago. In September 25, 1980, Chinas One-Child Policy has been created. This policy keeps parents from having more than one baby with the exception of twins, triplets, quadruplets, and so on. Parents may also have†¦show more content†¦Most people seem to be in favor of this policy, but there are still many others who would speak against this. The One-Child Policy does have some downsides to them. One huge problem with this policy is that if a woman is pregnant with a second child, she must face abortion, even though it may be against the law to submit to abortion under certain circumstances. There is a story of a woman in China who was 7 months pregnant with a second child, and even though it was against the law to have abortion when 6 months pregnant or longer, she was forced to face abortion. Another problem was the amount of support that the one child can give to his or her parents and grandparents when he or she becomes an adult. The adult child would not have any Omar Rivera brothers or sisters to help him/her support the family. Following the One-Child Policy would lead to some consequences that may affect some more than others. The One-Child Policy has its pros and cons. It has benefited China as it reduced social problems, economic problems, environmental problems, and poverty. Of course, it has its downsides as well. This policy involves forced abortions and an increase in problems with family support. One must decide if the One-Child Policy is either necessary or a terrible idea. In my opinion, I honestly believe that theShow MoreRelatedEssay about girls vs boys in china739 Words   |  3 Pageshad solved one of their population problems, but had unknowingly created another problem from it. Back in 1976, China faced an overpopulation problem. The growth of Chinas population brought a lot of problems to the country and to its people. Some of the problems were from overcrowding and not enough resources like food and jobs to go around for everyone. This was why the government of China enacted the One-Child Policy act in order to prevent over population. The One-Child Policy was a law thatRead MoreW e Can Stop Overpopulation Essay1222 Words   |  5 PagesOverpopulation is when the demand of humans is too high for the supply of the earth. Many people do not consider this a threat or have even considered it. Many scientists believe that the world can hold up to 10 billion people which will be in the next 100 years. (Wolchover, 4) Will you or even your children be alive? To many of you the answer is yes. If the world’s fertility rate is above 2.1 children per woman then it is something we need to be conscious about. We can look at the history, presentRead More Pollution and Environment Essay - Overpopulation and Personal Responsibility982 Words   |  4 PagesOverpopulation and Personal Responsibility Ever since I was a little girl, I’ve dreamed of having a large family when I was older. I envied friends with three or four siblings. I’d proudly tell anyone I was going to have six children when I grew up. Now, I’m a little older, and still far away from making that decision, my conscious will still face a looming dilemma. 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From these two graphs one can see a definiteRead MoreThe View on Overpopulation: Looking Deeper into the Hardinian Taboo2017 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction One would have thought that it was even more necessary to limit population than property...The neglect of this subject, which in existing states is so common, is a never-failing cause of poverty among the citizens; and poverty is the parent of both revolution and crime. This quote did not come from any professional doomsayer or modern writer, or even an ecologist or a historian. Aristotle said this, though he lived in a time where the population was four percent of what it is todayRead MoreWhy Overpopulation Is A Major Issue1653 Words   |  7 PagesEveryone knows that overpopulation is a major issue; an issue is only going to increase over the next few decades. Every person should have a general understanding of this problem because it is going to affect everyone on the planet if it has not done so already. 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India’s current issues and challenges Although India is an emerging economic powerhouse and one of the fastest growing nations inRead MoreGenetic Engineering And The Human Race1974 Words   |  8 PagesGenetic Engineering are Dreadful If the world had the possibility to be a healthier one, one can rest assure that it would make that possibility a reality. However, the world already has been having that possibility through genetic engineering, but at the same time, it has remained a possibility and not a reality. With this in mind, one must wonder why; why has it remained a possibility? In order to successfully answer this, it is important to understand what genetic engineering is, and how it could

Why You Shouldnt Drink and Drive - 1951 Words

Attenion-Catching Remarks: Every person is accountable for his or her own right to drink. Failure to treat this or any right responsibly has consequences. The persons right can and should be taken away when the failure to act responsibly endangers other. Thesis: Today I would like to talk to you about the problems of drinking and driving, and why it is a concern for all of us. Main Point I: Id like to start off by talking about the penalties of drinking and driving. Did you know that drunk driving is the nations most frequently committed violent crime? A chronic drunk driver is a person who has driven over 1,000 times before being caught. They do not respond to social pressures, law enforcement, and the messages that have been†¦show more content†¦Main Point II: Next I would like to talk about accidents and the potential dangers there are with drunk drivers on the road. I would like to start out by telling you a story that is written by Kathleen Buenemann, Donettes mother. O n the night of August 8th, 1996, after finishing her shift at work, Donette was on her way home. A 29-year-old female left the beer garden at the county fair, around 11 PM. This girl had been there most of the night drinking. She managed to avoid the police and found her way through town in her Mercedes. Just outside of the city limits of town, she crossed the centerline and sideswiped a Jeep, the full length, and proceeded on across the line and hit my daughters 95 Neon, nearly head-on. My daughters car was spun around and flipped on the drivers side and slid down and embankment, and came to a rest. A 3rd car drove through the point of impact and was untouched. The 4th car was hit by the debris from my daughters car, but no injuries there. My daughter had tried to move to the shoulder, but the other car continued on to hit her. Donette had her seat belt on and the air bags did deploy, but because of where the impact was the steering wheel went between the front seats so fast that t he bag was of no use. Donettes head struck the A post and then the pavement when the car turned on its side. They said she died instantly ofShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Alcohol And Drugs On Society Essay1510 Words   |  7 Pagessituation. Stage 1 would be the Developmental Zone. In this stage symptoms are very low at this point. Drinking symptoms are occasional. This zone includes social drinking, drinking faster and more than others, suffering memory blackouts and having a drink at least once a week. Stage 2 is the Zone of Overt Alcoholism. In stage two symptoms are occurring more than the first stage. Meaning they are more noticeable. Loss of control over their drinking. People in this stage also have an aggression or protectiveRead MoreShould the Drinking Age Be Lowered to 18? 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Lecture Notes about the Corporate Social Responsibility & Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Social Responsibility and Analysis. Answer: Introduction This assignment is about analyzing a business in global context. In order to conduct this assignment, the company Samsung has been selected. The company has strong global presence. It is considered as one of the largest electronic companies in the world. In this assignment, SWOT analysis has been conducted for the company Samsung and its impact on business operation has been analyzed. A brief history of the company Samsung has been provided. Ethics and corporate social responsibility of the company has also been analyzed in this assignment. Finally some recommendations have been provided for the company Samsung in the reflective summary section, so that the company can improve its business performance globally. Analysis of the companys history and growth Samsung electronics is a South Korean multinational electronic company. The company has numerous amounts of subsidiaries and affiliated businesses like Samsung Telecommunication and Samsung Madison. The company was founded in the year of 1969 (Kim et al. 2015). The company is considered as the major manufacturer of electronic equipment such as semiconductor chips, lithium ion batteries, hard drive, and flash memory. In term of revenue, the company Samsung electronics was considered as the largest information technology company in the world. Due to the popularity of android phones like Galaxy series, the company is considered as the largest manufacturer of mobile phones and smart phones (Samsung 2016). In the year of 2014, total revenue of the company is US$ 305 billion (Samsung 2016). Presently total employees of the company are more than 370,000 in 80 countries (Samsung 2016). Hence, it can be mentioned that the company has long term history of success. Kanonov and Wool (2016) state d that since the starting year, the company has significant impact on the economic, social, political, culture and media development of South Korea. The company holds one fifth of the total export of the country. It has been found that total revenue of the company is equal to 17% of the total GDP of the country Korea. The history of the company can be divided in four time periods. They were such as early period (1969- 1987), consumer struggles (1988- 1995), component manufacturing (1995- 2008) and consumer product manufacturing (2008- present time) (Samsung 2016). In the year of 1969, the company was established in Suwon, South Korea. At that time, the major products of the company are such as calculators, televisions, air conditioners and washing machines (Samsung 2016). In the year of 1981, the company had produced 10 million black and white televisions (Samsung 2016). In the year of 1988 the company became the third producer of 64KB DRAM. The company had launched its first mobile phone in the year of 1988. During 1990s, the initial sale of the product was poor, as Motorola held 60% market share of mobile phones in South Korea at that time (Samsung 2016). Until the middle of 1990s, the company struggled for poor quality of products. After 1995, the company owner had decided to change business st rategy and started to manufacture electronic components for other companies. This vertical integration strategy had become successful for the company. In the year of 2005, the company had surpassed its Japanese rival SONY for the first time and became the most popular consumer brand (Samsung 2016). In the year of 2007, the company had overtaken Motorola and became the second largest mobile phone manufacturer in the world (Samsung 2016). Presently the company has set to achieve the revenue of $ 400 billion within the next 10 years. Implementation of fifth generation (5G) high-speed internet in mobiles is the companys next target. In the year of 2013, the company announced that they have successfully tested 5G technology (Samsung 2016). SWOT analysis of the Company Samsung electronics The company Samsung electronics is the subsidiary of the company Samsung conglomerate of South Korea. Samsung Electronics is recognized as the largest manufacturer of Smartphone and mobile phones. Bhushan (2016) stated that Samsung is also the largest manufacturer of LCD panels and televisions. Due to its marketing and manufacturing expertise, the company is considered as the second largest consumer electronics organization in the world (Only after its American rival Apple). Strengths The company Samsung is the most successful manufacture of electronic products. It is also the largest manufacturer of liquid crystal display (LCD) panels, mobile phones, Smartphone and television sets (Samsung 2016). Hence, it can be mentioned that the company has strong brand image in the market. It can be considered as one of the strong points of the company. The company is worlds number one marketer of smart phones with 21.4% market share in the second half of 2015 (Samsung 2016). The American rival Apple holds the second spot with 13.9% market share (Choi and Park 2016). The company has invested huge amount of money to improve the companys research and design capabilities (Go 2015). It helps the company to develop Samsung Pay. It is a payment app equivalent to Apple Pay. The company has the capability to replicate majority of the capabilities of the company Apple and Googles Android operating system for mobile devices. The company has strong marketing and manufacturing capabilities. The company has strong relationship with the majority of the retailers of Europe and United States. Glowik (2016) stated that, it helps to provide steady channels to all the products of the company. Weaknesses The company is not able to cope up with the marketing capabilities of smartphones of Apple. It has been found that between 2014 and 2015, the market share of Samsung in US Smartphone market fell by 2.3% (Samsung 2016). On the contrary, market share of Apple in US is approximately 34.9%. In recent years, some Chinese competitors are catching up to the company Samsung in the Smartphone market. It has fund that between 2014 and 2015, market share of the company Huawei is increased 48% and Xiaomis market share increased by 29% (Samsung 2016). It has been found that the company Samsung is highly dependent on consumer electronics sales in the market with the limited capability of growth. Saeed et al. (2016) stated that, the company depends highly on United States and Europe to gather majority of the revenue. The company uses Google Android open source operating system. According to Chen and Ann 2016), many customer seem to consider Android as inferior product compare to Apples iOS. It is less accepted in the tech community. Most of the tech savvy customers consider that Apples products are more dependable and advance compare to the products of Samsung. Kim et al. (2015) argued that marketing efforts of Samsung is not as sophisticated as Apple. Opportunities The company has the opportunity to grab the emerging market for smartphones, mobile and tablets in the region of India and Africa (Kim et al. 2016). Due to the increased requirement of Smartphone and tablet based solution apps like Samsung Pay are highly on demand (Chen et al. 2015). The company can make more research on new technologies like wearable tech. The growing middle class in the developed world will help to increase the market of consumer electronics. Threats The company Samsung is not able to match the reputation and reliability of Apple in the market place of US. Rana (2015) stated that reputation for Apple is increasing in the emerging market of India and Africa in terms of reliability, quality and sophistication. Declining income level of middle class people of United States and North America has reduced the buying power of customers for the company Samsung (Chen et al. 2015). Chinese competitors such as Xiaomi and Huawei can emerge as serious competitors for the company Samsung. Impact of SWOT factors on the company business After conducting SWOT analysis, it has been found that the company Samsung is one of the most successful electronic products manufacturers. The company produces diverse products such as smartphones, televisions, mobile phones, liquid crystal display (LCD) panels. The company has changed its business strategy many times in order to become the industry leader (Samsung 2016). Presently the company has largest market share of phone with 21.4%. Huge amount of investment of the company for improving research and designing capability has helped the company to become successful. Chen et al. (2016) stated that, the company Samsung has taken a right decision at right time to use Googles android operating system for its Smartphone. The research and development team of the company is able to replicate most of the capabilities of company Apple and Goggle (Urandelger and Bae 2016). In addition, strong relationship with retailers of Europe and America has provided the company the opportunity to rea ch middle class customers of various countries. Samsung has maintained impressive research, manufacturing capabilities and design. However, it has been analyzed that the company on the verge of losing its edge in marketing. It has been found that most of the customers still consider Android as inferior system compare to iOS of Apple. The company Samsung is still not able to match the capability of Samsung in terms of innovation and reliability in countries like United States. For this reason, the organization has to revamp its design efforts and marketing strategy for Smartphone to enhance its market share in countries like US (Caplan et al. 2016). The company has to pay more attention on developing new market capabilities such as Samsung Pay. According to Magnusson et al. (2015), these new capabilities will critically influence the business performance of Samsung, if the organization wants to maintain its position in the mobile manufacturing market as an industry leader. In addition, the company also has to learn to handle aggressive marketing strategy of Chinese competitors such as Xiaomi and Huawai and the reputation of the biggest competitor Apple. The company also needs to focus on the emerging Smartphone and tablet market of countries like India and Africa for future business growth. Ethics and Corporate social responsibility Samsung electronics is global company having more than 320,000 employee and operations in more than 80 countries globally (Samsung 2016). The company is fully committed to comply with the local rules and regulations of different countries. Samsung has adopted strict global code of conducts for all employees. The company believes ethical management is the tool to respond with changing marketing condition and business environment. Pedersen (2015) stated that, ethical management also helps to develop trust and enhance relationship of an organization business partners, shareholders, customers and local employees. The morals and values of the organization have been developed in accordance to stakeholders theory. In accordance to the traditional view of the company, only the shareholders and owners are important (Chandler 2016). However, stakeholders theory helps the company Samsung to understand that employees, customers, communities are also important. For this reason, the company Samsun g has developed a framework of corporate social responsibility based on the stakeholders theory. In the context of Corporate Social Responsibility, the company had expressed its view as worlds leading company in the year of 2005 (Samsung 2016). This year, the company had announced its Five Samsung Business Principles (Samsung 2016). They served as the base of companys global code of conduct that helps them to comply with all the legal and ethical standards. It also helped the company to fulfill all its corporate social responsibilities. It also helps the company to develop the detailed guideline standards for the employees of the company and all the members associated with the company. It includes various clauses such as prohibition of gender discrimination, elimination of the nationality, partner collaboration and protection of customer information (Chandler 2016). All the employees of the company have to follow this code of conduct in their relationship partners and peers. The company has introduced some ethical management programs within the organization. They are such as audit system, cyber auditors, education program for anti-corruption and developing auditing committee (Magnusson et al. 2015). It is an independent committee that works under the board of directors to monitor and support the management team so that corporate values can be improved. The company has developed an individual audit team in order support and monitor ethical practices for the company and all its employees. All the experts included in this auditing team have 10 years of experience in different fields. The team uses different systems and networks to develop efficient auditing. Pedersen (2015) stated that in order to develop integrity in the corporate culture of both overseas and domestic businesses of Samsung Electronics, the company has launched Cyber Audit program. This program helps to define corruption and set guideline for all the employees. In addition, the company also conducts anti-corruption education program for employees to support ethical work practices. The company produces different educational videos in 22 different languages to help all the local employees in global plants of the organization. It includes rationale of developing the code conducts and five major principles, related documents of infringement cases. It also includes the process of cyber audit program and how to report about violations (Pedersen 2015). Despite of all these efforts, the company still has to face various ethical issues related with work safety, DRAM price fixing, Apple lawsuit and Product safety. In the semiconductor plants of Samsung, there are at least 26 employees diagnosed with blood cancer (Magnusson et al. 2015). In addition, there are also 193 employees became sick with rare terminal diseases. In the year of 2011, the company was fined approximately 145,700million, as the company is part of price cartel of 10 originations. It lasted from 1998 to 2002 (Samsung 2016). The company Apple had sued against Samsung for the infringing intellectual property rights of Apple, in the year of 2011 (Magnusson et al. 2015). The verdict was largely favored for Apple. It had been found that Samsung had willfully replicated the design and utility patents of the company Apple. The company Apple was awarded $1.050 billion for the damages. The company Samsung also has to face issues related with product safety. Despite of huge pop ularity of the mobile products, many cases of explosion had been reported. Reflective summary In this assignment, the business of the company Samsung has been analyzed in the global context. With the help of SWOT analysis the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of the company has been analyzed. The company was founded in the year of 1969. Presently the company is considered as the largest electronic manufacturing company all over the world. The company has long term history of success. The history of the company can be divided in four time periods. They were such as early period, consumer struggles, component manufacturing and consumer product manufacturing. It was not like that the company did not have to go through failure. However, the company had changed its business strategy many times in order to become successful. The company has invested huge amount of money to improve its research and development capabilities. The company is able to replicate most of the products and features of its rival Apple and Google. The company has taken a right decision at right ti me to use Goggles Android operating system for Smartphone. Due to the popularity of Galaxy series the company has become the most popular mobile manufacturing brand. The company has also maintained its business ethics and corporate social responsibility based on stakeholders theory. The company has also developed an independent committee for audit that works directly under the super vision of the direction. However, the company still has to face various issues related with work safety, DRAM price fixing, Apple lawsuit and Product safety. The company is also not able to cope up with the innovation and reliability of Apple. Most of the customers still consider android as inferior operating system compare to iOS. Hence, there are some recommendations have been provided to the company so that it can maintain its market position as industry leader. They are mentioned below: Samsung has to grab the emerging market for Smartphone, mobile and tablets in the region of India and Africa. Due to the increased requirement of Smartphone and tablet based solution apps like Samsung Pay are highly on demand. The company has to shift its business strategy and develop this types of apps as more as possible The company has to make more research on new technologies like wearable tech. Reference list Bhushan, A., 2016. A comparative analysis of consumer behavior of nokia and samsung mobile users.Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce,21(S5). Caplan, D., Dutta, S.K. and Lawson, R.A., 2016. Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives Across the Value Chain.Journal of Corporate Accounting Finance,27(4), pp.57-66. Chandler, D., 2016.Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility: Sustainable Value Creation. SAGE Publications. Chen, C.M. and Ann, B.Y., 2016. Efficiencies vs. importance-performance analysis for the leading smartphone brands of Apple, Samsung and HTC.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,27(3-4), pp.227-249. Chen, C.S., Lin, L.Y. and Shang, Y.Y., 2016. The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Globalization-An Example Involving Asian Consumers.International Journal of Business and Information,11(2), p.233. Chen, J., Huang, Q., Peng, H. and Zhong, H., 2015. China Samsung: To Foster a Favorite Brand for Chinese People and Contribute to Chinese Society. InResearch Report on Corporate Social Responsibility of China(pp. 263-282). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Chen, J., Huang, Q., Peng, H. and Zhong, H., 2015. CSR Development Index of the Communication Industry (2012). InResearch Report on Corporate Social Responsibility of China(pp. 119-128). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Choi, S. and Park, H., 2016. Investigation of Strategic Changes Using Patent Co-Inventor Network Analysis: The Case of Samsung Electronics.Sustainability,8(12), p.1315. Glowik, M., 2016.Market Entry Strategies: Internationalization Theories, Concepts and Cases of Asian High-Technology Firms: Haier, Hon Hai Precision, Lenovo, LG Electronics, Panasonic, Samsung, Sharp, Sony, TCL, Xiaomi. Walter de Gruyter GmbH Co KG. Go, S.J., 2015.Strategic analysis of Samsung's smartphone product portfolio: countering the challenge from Chinese competitors(Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Kanonov, U. and Wool, A., 2016. Secure Containers in Android: the Samsung KNOX Case Study.arXiv preprint arXiv:1605.08567. Kim, H., Hur, W.M. and Yeo, J., 2015. Corporate brand trust as a mediator in the relationship between consumer perception of CSR, corporate hypocrisy, and corporate reputation.Sustainability,7(4), pp.3683-3694. Kim, S., Kim, J.N. and Tam, L., 2016. Think socially but act publicly: refocusing CSR as corporate public responsibility.Journal of Public Affairs,16(1), pp.91-104. Kim, S.Y., Park, S.T. and Kim, Y.K., 2015. Samsung-Apple Patent War Case Analysis: Focus on the Strategy to Deal with Patent Litigation.Journal of Digital Convergence,13(3), pp.117-125. Magnusson, P., Westjohn, S.A. and Zdravkovic, S., 2015. An examination of the interplay between corporate social responsibility, the brands home country, and consumer global identification.International Marketing Review,32(6), pp.663-685. Pedersen, E.R.G. ed., 2015.Corporate social responsibility. Sage. Rana, S., 2015. Book Review: The reality of corporate social responsibility: Case studies on the impact of CSR on workers in China, South Korea, India and Indonesia. Hong Kong: Asia Monitor Resource Centre, 2012.Asian Labour Review,1. Saeed, N.B., Nematiyan, M. and Albonaiemi, E., 2016. Effective factors on the value of international brands in Iranian consumers (Case Study of Samsung brand in Khuzestan market).International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies (IJHCS)? ISSN 2356-5926,2(3), pp.974-984. Samsung, 2016.Home. [online] Samsung Electronics America. Available at: https://www.samsung.com [Accessed 28 Dec. 2016]. Urandelger, G. and Bae, B.R., 2016. The Impacts of Corporate Social Responsibility on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty,29(3), pp.1205-1230.